What is Processor and how does it work ?

Do you know what is this Computer Processor ? Whenever we talk about a computer, the processor definitely comes to our mind. A computer is not possible without a processor.

Yes, it is certainly true that the efficiency of some processor is less and some are more. But it is mandatory for all computers to have a processor. This processor has many names such as CPU, central processor and microprocessor CPU ie its full form is Central Processing Unit.

In other words, it is the brain of a computer which keeps an eye on all the activities. It handles all these instructions which it gets from Hardware and Software. If seen, it is basically a hardware that does all the calculations very quickly, when it gets some input, then processes it and after doing some calculations, the result comes out.

But do you know how this small thing can process so much information alone. So today we want to give you some information about what is Processor and how it works in this article. Then what is the delay, let's start.

What is Processor?

Processor is a very important part of the computer. It is also called the brain of the computer. This is because it has the news of all the activities happening inside the computer, in other words, it controls all these things. It can process trillions of calculations at a time.

It understands the interpretation happening between Software and Hardware and processes it and gives us Output. This happens inside all the devices like Mobile, Tablets, Personal Computers, Laptops. It is also known as CPU.

It is a Square Shaped device in appearance, from which many metallic, short and rounded Connectors are turned out. It is attached to the CPU's socket only.

After running for a long time, it gets a little too hot, that is why a heat sink and fan are placed on top of it to remove the heat. This is a very delicate thing, due to which it is carefully placed in the motherboard. These come in many types such as Intel's Processor i3, i5 and i7.

History of Processor:

Intel was the first in the world to design the first Single-Chip Microprocessor in 1971. It was invented by three Intel engineers Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff and Stan Mazo.

This chip, whose name was Intel 4004 Microprocessor, was designed in such a way that all the processing functions like CPU, Memory and Input and Output Control were placed in a single chip.

Gradually, with the passage of time, there were new inventions due to which there were many changes in the design of the computer. Their ability to work increased and their size decreased. In today's era, Intel is the king of the processor world. They make processors of every variety according to the needs of the people.

WORK OF CPU :

CPU basically does three basic things, first it takes information, second it does some operation on it and third gives the result after calculation. But to do all these three processes, it has to use some key components.

ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) does subtraction and addition in binary. Along with this, they also do some logical operations like AND, NOT and OR to help the CPU.

Control Circuit directs data traffic from CPU to slower Input/Output devices, so that traffic can be exchanged and provided. Memory Management Unit monitors the flow of data to and from memory.

Types of CPUs :

In the last few years, many types of CPU have been invented. As time passed, new CPUs kept coming according to the requirement. Earlier the number was used to identify the processor.

For example, the Intel 80486 (486) processor is much faster than the 80386 processor. Ever since Intel has released the Pentium Processor (Technically these are 80586 ones), since then the names of Processors are like Athlon, Duron, Pentium and Celeron.

Nowadays, along with the name, their architecture has also changed, usually processors with only two types of architecture are used, such as 32 Bit and 64 Bit. Due to these architecture, now the speed and capabilities of the processor have also increased a lot.

Such as AMD Opteron series and Intel Itanium, Xeon series processors are used in servers and high-end stations. And if we talk about small devices like Smart Phones and Tablets then they use ARM Processor. These processors are generally smaller in size, they require less power and they generate very little heat.

What is the clock speed of processor?

This clock speed is also called clock rate and processor speed. Clock speed is called the speed with which the microprocessor executes each instruction or each vibration of the clock.

Since CPU requires a fixed number of clock ticks or cycles to execute each instruction. Therefore, the faster your clocks rate, the faster your CPU will be, or the faster your processor can execute instructions.

Clock Speeds are measured in MHz, 1 MHz means 1 million cycles per second, or GHz, 1 GHz means 1 thousand million cycles per second.

In a general sense, then the higher the CPU speed, the better your computer will perform. Computer speed also depends on other components such as RAM, hard drive, motherboard, and number of processor cores (such as dual core or quad core).

This CPU speed shows how many calculations it can do in 1 second. The higher the speed, the more calculations it can perform, which will make your computer run even faster.

Different brands of computer processors are available in the market, such as Intel and AMD, but they all follow the same CPU speed standard, so that it can be known at what speed the processor runs.

What is Core in Processor?

Processor has different cores according to their capacity. A normal processor has a single core, that is, it is a single cpu. Whereas in Dual Core Processor there are two processor circuits with two equal frequencies. It can work at double speed as compared to Single Core Processor, that too very easily.

At present, there are many different Core Processors available in the market such as: -

2 Core in Dual Core

4 Core in Quad Core

6 Cores in Hexo Core

8 Core in Octa Core

10 Cores in Deca Core

The more cores the processor has, the more successfully it can complete multitasking.

DESKTOP	Core i3	Core i5	Core i7
No. of cores	2	4	4
Frequency range	3.4-4.2GHz	2.4-3.8GHz	2.9-4.2GHz
Turbo Boost	No	Yes	Yes
Hyper-Threading	Yes	No	Yes
Cache	3-4MB	6MB	8MB

How processor works 

Processor designs are generally very complex, and they vary a lot from company to company, even their one model is quite different from the other. Right now the processors of two companies like Intel and AMD are in great demand in the market.

These two companies are always trying to improve the performance of the processor, that too by using less space and energy. But despite all these architectural differences, the processor mainly has to go through four processes, and only then it can process the instructions. These four processes are fetch, decode, execute and write-back. Now I will tell you about all these processes. ,

1. Fetch

Fetch as it means to fetch something. Here Processor Core retrieves instructions which are waiting in some memory. But in today's Modern Processor, usually those instructions are already waiting in Processor Cache. There is an area in the processor called Program Counter which works like a bookmark, which informs the processor where the last instruction ended and where the next one started. 

2. Decode

Once the instruction is fetched then the next process is to decode it. There are many areas of the processor core in an instruction such as arithmetic and which have to be recognized by the processor core. There is also something in every part called Opcode which tells the processor what to do using that instruction. Once the Processor recognizes what it has to do, then it does all the things on its own.

3.Execute

In this step, Processor knows what it has to do, and it actually executes it. What actually happens here depends on which area of the Processor Core is used and what information is entered in it. For example, Processor uses ALU to perform any arithmetic operation. It is assumed that this operation takes place within the ALU only. This unit is connected to other input and output so that it can make its work easier and finally give us our result in time.

4. Writeback

This can also be called Aakir step as its name suggests, its work is also similar, which places the result of all the three tasks done earlier in Aakir in the memory. To find out where the output went in the image depends on which application is running at that time.

But it usually happens in the processor's register only because its need is very high, so it is kept here for quick access.

This whole process is called Instruction Cycle. As we are making progress, we are getting even better processors which are very fast and powerful. Our CPU is designed in such a way that it divides any task so that it can be processed quickly. And with new inventions it seems quite possible.

Processor information

In the  future, we will get to see even better processors. Because nowadays all processor companies are paying more attention to how to design such a processor in a short time, which can be operated in less space and less power. And it should be more and more efficient. If we compare the processor of earlier times with today's design, then we have been successful in this mission to a great extent and it is expected that in future we will be able to make a processor with even more efficiency.

I have full hope that I have given you complete information about what is Processor and how it works and I hope you have understood about this computer term. I request all the readers that you should also share this information in your neighborhood, relatives and friends, so that there will be awareness among us and it will be beneficial for everyone. I need your cooperation so that I can convey more new information to you.

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